Worker Engagement and Burnout - the Contextual Model for my Research

Carolyn1.GIF

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Previous research that was used to create the model
 

On this page I have outlined the measures that were used in the survey I sent to those people who participated in my PhD research.

1. Areas of Worklife Survey (AWS), 29 items, all five point Likert scale, from Leiter and Maslach, 2006.

Measures six variables: Workload (6 items), Control (3 items), Reward (4 items), Community (5 items), Fairness (6 items) and Values (5 items).

The link below provides access to the Center for Organizational Research and Development where the Areas of Worklife Survey may be obtained for research purposes. This center is headed by Professor Michael Leiter. Recently the Centre has also provided access for researchers to the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). This was a 'snag' I struck when I was planning my research - copyright restrictions on the MBI made it impossible for me to use the inventory in online surveys at that time.

To obtain permission to use the AWS (and now to use the Maslach Burnout Inventory) for research purposes

2. Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES), 17 items all seven point Likert scale, from Schaufeli and Bakker, 2003.

Measures three variables: Dedication (5 items), Vigour (6 items) and Absorption (6 items).         

Link to Professor Wilmar Schaufeli's website where researchers can download the UWES and all of Schaufeli's papers

3. The Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI), 16 items all four point Likert scale, from Demerouti, Bakker, Vardakou and Kantas (2002).

Measures two variables: Exhaustion (8 items) and Disengagement (8 items). The OLBI was obtained directly from the first author.

 

4. Procedural Justice Measures, 12 items, seven point Likert scale from Moorman, Blakely and Niehoff (1998).

Measures two variables: Interactional Justice (6 items) and Procedural Justice (6 items). These were obtained directly from the first author.

 

5. Perceptions of Management Trustworthiness, 21 items, five point Likert scale from Mayer and Davis (1999).

Measures four variables: Perceptions of management Ability (6 items), Perceptions of management Benevolence (5 items), Perceptions of management Integrity (5 items) and Trust in management (4 items). This survey appears in an appendix of Mayer and Davis (1999).
 
 
The hypothetical model I designed and tested in my research appears below. 

the_research_model.jpg
This model was built as a structure for my research from my reading of organisational literature

Within in the model, the organizational arena was divided into two sections, management and employees.  The management sphere include perceptions of management trustworthiness and procedural justice.  Whereas the employee part of the model had six overlapping components, these were the six areas of worklife; work load, control, reward, community, fairness and values.
At the heart of the model was the psychological contract which is comprised of reciprocal expectations between employees and management.
Two double ended arrows denote communication and trust which flow both ways between employees and management. The model predicted significant relationships between the variables and with burnout and engagement. In the case of burnout it was anticipated that all other variables would display a strong negative relationship and in the case of engagement it was anticipated that all other variables will display a strong positive relationship.